Effect of Al2O3, SiO2, and ZnO Nanoparticle Concentrations Mixed with EG–Water on the Heat Transfer Characteristics through a Microchannel

Nanofluids have gained attention for their potential to solve overheating problems in various industries. They are a mixture of base fluid and nanoparticles dispersed on the nanoscale. The can be metallic, ceramic, or carbon based, depending desired properties. While nanofluids offer advantages, challenges such as nanoparticle agglomeration, stability, cost effectiveness remain. Nonetheless, ongoing research aims fully harness addressing issues improving thermal management different applications. current study is concerned with flow heat transfer characteristics using types Al2O3, SiO2, ZnO mixed fluids. Pure water ethylene glycol–water (EG–H2O) mixtures at EG–H2O ratios (ψ = 0%, 10%, 30%, 40%) used fluid. Furthermore, rectangular microchannel sink used. Mesh independent validation performed investigate model, good agreement achieved. numerical analysis evaluates influence coefficient Reynolds numbers 500 1200 288 K inlet temperature. results show that nanofluid 40% increase by 63% compared ZnO–H2O obtained Re φ 5%. Conversely, pressure drop nearly double Al2O3 SiO2.